1. William Langer, An Encyclopedia of World History, 5th ed. (Houghton Mifflin, 1972), 1245–1248.
2. Granma International Online, “Cuba Notes 50th Anniversary of US Declaration of Unilateral War,” Havana, Cuba, 19 March 2010, www.granma.cu/ingles/2010/text.htm.
3. Granma International Online, “Cuba Notes 50th Anniversary of US Declaration of Unilateral War.”
4. Quoted in William Langer, An Encyclopedia of World History, 1246.
5. Morris Morley, Imperial State and Revolution: The United States and Cuba, 1952–1986 (Cambridge University Press, 1987), 52–86; and CIA Memorandum, 12 November 1962, cited in Piero Gleijeses, Conflicting Missions (North Carolina University Press, 2002), 16.
6. Varona quoted in New York Daily News, 8 January 1961.
7. Robert Cirino, Power to Persuade (Bantam, 1974); also Victor Bernstein and Jesse Gordon, “The Press and the Bay of Pigs,” Columbia University Forum reprint, Fall 1967.
8. New York Times, 8 January 1961; Time, 13 January 1961.
9. New York Times, 8 January 1961.
10. Center for Cuban Studies Newsletter, winter 1976.
11. New York Times, 1 August 1984.
12. “Raul Castro Chosen as Cuba’s New President,” CNN.com/world, 24 February 2008.
13. Bill McKibben, “The Cuba Diet,” Harper’s Magazine, April 2005; Hugh Warwick, “Cuba’s Organic Revolution,” Third World Resurgence, Issue #118–119 (Spring 2000).
14. US Interest Section memorandum H18422693-4, procured and quoted by Margot Pepper in her Through the Wall, A Year in Havana (Freedom Voices, 2005), 300.
15. Peter Kornbluh, “Luis Posada Carriles, the Declassified Record,” National Security Archive (Electronic Briefing Book No. 153), 10 May 2005. Orlando Bosch’s terrorist activities are fully documented by a Senate investigation led by Senator John Kerry into the activities of the CIA, and summarized in Warren Hinkle and William Turner, Deadly Secrets (Thunder Mouth Press, 1993).
16. Cheryl LaBash, “US Keeps Cuba in Imperialism’s Crosshairs,” Workers World, 15 January 2010; see also www.freethefive.org/. The Cuban Five, as they have become known, are Gerardo Hernández, Antonio Guerrero, Ramón Labañino, Fernando González, and René González.
17. Michael Parenti and Alicia Jrapko, “The Cuban Five and US Terrorism,” The Cuban Nation, 12 December 2006.