Index

Abu Ghraib, 145

Afghanistan, 54, 65–66, 85, 93, 95, 99

Rushdie and, 133

women in, 123–124

Africa, 54, 140

aggression, 43, 46–47, 94, 128

Albania, 92, 101

Albright, Madeline, 56

Algeria, 67

Allende, Salvador, 40, 47

alliances: Holy Alliance, 29, 31

between left and right, 155–156

allies, 164

altruism, 29–30, 32–33, 70–71

American Federation of Labor - Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), 144

“American gulag,” 42

American holocaust, 37

Amerindians, 79

Amnesty International, 42, 147–149, 158–159

anti-Semitism, 108, 126

antiwar movements, 107, 128, 139, 144, 153, 163

post-Vietnam, 131

solutions for Iraq by, 154–156

support of enemy by, 126–127

apartheid, 100

Arab world, 159–160

Arafat, Yasser, 107

Arbenz, Jacobo, 40, 58, 59, 96, 163

Argentina, 101

arguments against war, 91–106

anti-imperialist perspective on, 101–106

defense of international law as, 93–101

weak, 91–93

armies, 67, 70–71, 114, 132

Aron, Raymond, 72

Asia, 54

assassination, 115, 116, 145

asylum, 76

Australia, 85

Avnery, Uni, 107

barricade effect, 42–52

Bosnia-Herzegovina and, 49–51

socialism and, 46–48

Soviet Union and, 42–46

Begin, Menahem, 107

Beinart, Peter, 120, 121

Belgium, 69

Berman, Paul, 120

Biden, Joseph, 153

Biko, Steve, 91

bin Laden, Osama, 95

Bissett, James

black people, 72–23

Blair, Tony, 137, 138, 142

Blum, William, 37

Boban, Mate, 49

Boer War, 29

“Al Bolivar” (Latin American television station), 159

Bolivia, 85

Bolsheviks, 48, 111

bombings, 69.See also weapons

Bosnia, 66, 67, 85

Bosnia-Hezegovina, 49–52

Bossuyt, Mark, 56

Brandt, Willy, 45–46

Brazil, 85

Brecht, Berthold, 87

Bremer, J. Paul, 132

Britain, 41, 54, 60, 144

colonialism and, 69, 80, 81

British Guyana, 85

Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 54, 65

Bulgaria, 85

Burghardt, Jutta, 56

Bush, George H. W., 51, 67

Bush, George W., 44, 71, 73, 98, 125, 152

liberal supporters of, 119–122

loyal opposition and, 32

neither-nor stance and, 132

petitions regarding, 117119

as radical liberal revolutionary, 138

religion and, 31

Cambodia, 48, 93, 131

cantonization, 49–50

capitalism, 162–163

Cuba and, 85

deaths blamed on, 39

Guatemala and, 58

Carter, James A., 64, 65, 77, 172n3

Castro, Fidel, 47

casualties, 93, 99

deaths, 70, 137, 158–159, 178n2

in Fallujah, 144. See also mortality

Central America, 40, 92

Chalibi, Ahmed, 133

Chavez, Hugo, 105, 119, 163

media and, 162

petitions regarding, 117

putsch against, 114–115

Chechnya, 79

children, 39, 40, 169n4

Chile, 40, 47, 85

China, 39, 52–53, 54, 77, 79

Chirac, Jacques, 87–88, 134, 174n29

Chomsky, Noam, 41, 151

civilians, 158–159

civil war in Iraq, 150, 153

Clinton, Bill, 51, 52, 63

Clinton, Hillary R., 153

Cold War, 43, 45–46, 61, 76, 119–120

collateral damages, 158

colonialism, 54, 113, 161, 164–165

Britain and, 69, 80, 81

deaths blamed on, 40

decolonization and, 35, 99, 115

development and, 52, 74–75

human rights and, 69

neocolonialism and, 36, 54, 63, 113, 164

Rwanda and, 48

communism, 43, 115, 135

anticommunism and, 109

deaths blamed on, 39

demonization of term, 59

liberal intelligentsia and, 146

moral absolutism and, 133

Congo, 49, 69, 70

conservatives, 155

constitutions: European, 162

Iraqi, 147–149

consumption, 90

Contras, 102–104

Cooper, Marc, 62

cooperation, 140

costs of intervention, 35–60

barricade effect, 42–52

direct victims, 37–38

future risks, 52–58

in Guatemala, 58–60

killing hope, 38–42

in Nicaragua, 36–37

crime. See international law

criminal justice, 146–147, 162

Croatia, 51

Cuba, 39–40, 47, 57, 76, 84–85, 97

embargo against, 84, 101

cultural revolution, 141

currency, 52

Curzon, Lord, 164, 180n25

Czechoslovakia, 92, 93, 110, 175n1

death. See mortality

death penalty, 113

debate, 32–33

rhetoric of support and, 134–138

debt, 80, 101, 140

Declaration of Human Rights (1948), 72, 76, 83

Declaration of Independence, U.S., 160

decolonization, 35, 99, 115

defense, 42–43, 45

armies and, 70–71

of democracy, 59

of Europe, 112–113

self-defense, 125

U.S. budget, 78, 173n19

defense of international law, 93–101

East Timor and, 99

government consent and, 94, 110

international order and, 95–97

non-aligned countries and, 97–98

U.S. and, 60, 98, 99–101

Democrats, 119

dependence on Third World countries, 52–55, 89, 113

Dershowitz, Alan M., 77

development, 73–83, 174n27

alternate paths to, 81–82, 83

colonialism and, 52, 74–75

construction of stable states and, 77–79

immigration and, 75–77

money flow and, 80–81

of Third World countries, 38–42

dictators, 37, 39, 47, 59, 95, 97

dominant powers, 162

domination, 37–38, 54, 55

Dominican Republic, 85

Downing Street memos, 124–126, 127

Drèze, Jean, 39

Dulles, Allen, 59

East Timor, 99

economic rights, 72, 80, 83, 84–85

economic systems, 100, 101

education, 53, 83, 100

in Cuba, 84–85

Eisenhower, Dwight, 60, 110

elections, 85, 104, 118, 119, 149

El Salvador, 68, 85, 115, 116

Elshtain, Jean Bethke, 122

embargoes, 97, 109

against Cuba, 84, 101

against Nicaragua, 102

emigration, 75–77

England, 54. See also Britain

entertainment, 53

Europe, 44, 53, 162, 163

as superpower, 112–115, 164–165

Euston Manifesto, 62–63

Fallaci, Oriana, 121

Fallujah, 70, 144–145, 149, 178n5

fanaticism, 60

fascism, 117

anti-fascism and, 107–112

“Islamo-fascism” and, 120–122

Nazism and, 43–45, 94, 107

First World War, 43, 48, 111–112

foreign aid budgets, 80

foreign policy, 172n3

AFL-CIO and, 144

of dominant governments, 111

of Europe, 113–114

Kerry and, 118

France, 60, 81, 102–103, 110, 114

antiwar movement in, 131

European constitution and, 162

far left in, 133–134

intelligentsia in, 64–65

invasion of Iraq and, 64

torture and, 67

Versailles Treaty and, 112

Vietnam and, 160

freedom: nation-building and, 78–79

freedom fighters, 103

freedom of expression, 31, 33

free press, 69–70

free will, 44

Friedman, Thomas L., 42, 121, 138

Frist, Bill, 156, 157

Garlasco, Mark E., 70

Gaza Strip, 76

Geneva Conventions, 147, 154

genocide, 55–56

Georgia, 85

Germany, 34, 81, 110, 175n1

Versailles Treaty and, 112

globalization, 38, 101

Gluckmann, Andreé 122

Good Fight, The (Beinart), 120

government, 78, 111

consent for war by, 94, 110

cooperation and, 140

Grenada, 100

Guatemala, 40, 52, 58–60, 85, 96

guerrilla forces, 67, 102, 157

Guevara, Che, 96

guilt weapon, 123–138

Afghan women and, 123–124

neither-nor stance and, 128–134

support of enemy and, 126–128

support rhetoric and, 134–138

Haiti, 76, 85

Halliday, Dennis, 55–56

Hamas, 128

Hammarskjöld, Dag, 60

Hari, Johann, 152, 179n12

Havel, Vaclav, 115–116, 121

health, 39, 46, 83, 86, 100, 140

in Cuba, 57, 84–85

in Iraq, 56

Herman, Edward S., 98

Hitchens, Christopher, 120

Hitler, Adolph, 29, 61, 93

“new Hitlers” and, 107, 109–110

Hobson, John, 54, 57–58

Ho Chi Minh, 96, 160–161

Holbrooke, Richard, 67–68, 153–154

Holy Alliance, 29, 31

Honduras, 59, 60

hope, 38–42, 161–165

human rights, 157–159, 161–162, 172n3

Declaration of Human Rights (1948), 72, 76, 83

International League of Human Rights, 99

Human Rights Commission, 97

Human Rights Watch, 158

human rights defenders, 61–90

armies and, 67, 70–71, 132

development of nations and, 73–83

free press and, 69–70

invasion of Iraq and, 61–64

national sovereignty and, 140

relationship of forces and, 88–90

rights prioritization of, 83–88

Soviet intervention in Afghanistan and, 65–66

torture and, 67, 68

Hurricane Katrina, 72–73

Hussein, Saddam, 56, 63, 125

antiwar movement and, 126–127

Iraqi constitution and, 149

mass graves and, 142–143

neither-nor stance and, 132

overthrow of, 163

rhetoric of support and, 137–138

idealism, 150, 154–155

ideology: power and, 29–34

Ignatieff, Michael, 41, 78–79

ignorance, 59

immigration, 75–77

“Imperialism Watch,” 157–161

independence, 54

India, 39, 53, 54, 93

indigenous populations, 79, 81

individual rights, 72, 84

Indochina, 57

indoctrination mechanisms, 33

Indonesia, 85, 99

industrialization, 80–81

information battle, 139

insurrections, 68

internationalism, 115–117

international law, 49, 93–101

aggression and, 128

civil war justification and, 150

criminal justice and, 146–147, 162

East Timor and, 99

government consent and, 94, 110

Holbrooke and, 154

Hussein and, 138

international order and, 95–97

intervention and, 94–95

Israel and, 162

nation-building and, 78

non-aligned countries and, 97–98

U.S. and, 60, 98, 99–101

war on terror and, 93

International League of Human Rights, 99

international order, 95–97

interventions, 48–49, 94–95, 125

in Bosnia-Herzegovina, 49–52

low-intensity, 104

moderate, 72

invasions, 136

of Iraq, 61–64, 69–70, 114, 152, 154

Iran, 47, 56, 163

Iraq, 85, 93, 95, 144

Bremer’s policy in, 132

Chalibi and, 133

Chomsky on, 151

civil war in, 150, 153

colonialism in, 164

constitution of, 147–149

France and, 134

hope for, 161

invasion of, 61–64, 69–70, 114, 152, 154

mass graves, 142–143

mortality and, 70, 137, 158–159

preventive war, 48

repairing damage in, 152, 153

resistance in, 136–137, 159

sanctions in, 55–56, 57

torture and, 67

vs. Yugoslavia, 111

Islamism, 43, 130–131, 146

Islamo-fascism and, 120–122

Israel, 40, 57, 76–77, 96, 126

human rights and, 69, 161–162

Al Jazeera and, 159

neither-nor stance and, 128

UN and, 100, 101

Italy, 85

Izetbegovic, Alija, 49–51, 67–68

Jamaica, 85

Japan, 81, 85

Al Jazeera (Arab television station), 159–160

Johnstone, Diana, 49

Judt, Tony, 122

justifiability, 43–45

Kagame, Paul, 49

Karadzic, Radovan, 49

Kennan, George, 46

Kerry, John, 117–119

Khmer Rouge, 48, 170n23

Khrushchev, Nikita, 46

Kirkpatrick, Jeane, 83, 174n25

Kosovo, 66, 92, 108, 110

Kouchner, Bernard, 57, 64, 67–68

Kuwait, 56, 136

labor, 52

Lancet, The (medical journal), 70

land reform, 39, 58

Lansing, Robert, 96

Laos, 85

Latin America, 39–40, 54, 105

economic and social rights in, 84

neocolonialism in, 163

leaders, 39

Lebanon, 69, 85, 107

legitimization, 32–33, 71

of Iraq occupations, 144–145, 147

preventive war against Hitler and, 108–112

Leopold II, king of Belgium, 69

liberalism, 87, 95, 109, 111, 119–122

liberation, 59

lies, 33–34

life expectancy, 39, 46. See also mortality

Lisbon Accord, 50–52

loyal opposition, 32

Mahathir, Mohamed, 83

Mandel, Michael, 93–94, 146

market, 42

Marx, Karl, 72

Marxism, 87

massacres, 49

mass graves, 142–143

materialism, 44

A Matter of Principle: Humanitarian Arguments for War in Iraq (Cushman), 61

Mayans, 58

media, 60, 69–70, 114, 131

Congo and, 49

European constitution and, 162

Hurricane Katrina and, 72–73

“Imperialism Watch” and, 159

Iraq occupation and, 144–145

propaganda, 69, 129–131, 141–143, 159, 178n5

respectability and, 129

secular priesthood and, 32

television and, 71, 159–160

military action, 66, 102, 125

military power, 104

Mill, John Stuart, 41

Milosevic, Slobodan, 132, 140

Minchnik, Adam, 121

Mitterrand, Francois, 67

modernization, 38–42, 40

money, 80

Mongolia, 85

Monroe Doctrine, 81

morality, 133, 150–152

mortality, 140, 178n2

children and, 39, 169n4

Iraq and, 70, 137, 158–159

life expectancy and, 39, 46

Mossadegh, Mohammed, 47, 163

Moynihan, Patrick, 99

Munich Agreement, 110

Nasser, Abdel, 107

national sovereignty, 117, 118–119, 128, 140

nation-building, 64, 78–79

nations, 97

natural resources, 54–55, 89–90

Nazism, 43–45, 94, 107

neither-nor stance 128–134

neocolonialism, 36, 54, 113, 163, 164

Nepal, 85

Neumann, Michael, 79

neutrality, 158

New Orleans, Louisiana, 151

Nicaragua, 36–37, 60, 85, 102–104, 119

Nixon, Richard M., 64

non-aligned countries, 97–98

non-governmental organizations (NGO), 146

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 92, 110, 132

North-South relations, 140

Nuremburg, 94

objectives of war, 92

occupation of Iraq, 144–145, 147, 151

opposition, loyal, 32

oppression, 47

organizations in rich countries, 157–159

Owen, David, 51

pacifism, 112

Pakistan, 54

Palestine, 69, 76–77, 128, 154

anti-Semitism and, 126

Arab solidarity with, 160

human rights and, 162

Al Jazeera and, 159

Panama, 85

Paraguay, 101

Pascal, Blaise, 34

peace, 95

peace movements, 107, 128, 139, 144, 153, 163

post-Vietnam, 131

solutions for Iraq by, 154–156

“support of enemy” by, 126–127

peace plans, 154

persecution, 76, 116

petitions, 117–119

petroleum, 52

Philippines, 85

Pinter, Harold, 37

policies, 35, 157

Cold War and, 45–46

Guatemala and, 52

human rights related, 67

against modernization, 40

nation-building, 64

of systematic domination, 37–38

terrorist attacks and, 44

political rights, 72, 80, 84, 86–87

Pol Pot, 48, 129, 131

Portugal, 85

poverty, 104, 140, 157

in Guatemala, 59

in Vietnam, 161

power, 65, 164–165

ideology and, 29–34

military, 104

stable states and, 77

preventive war, 48–49, 61

Bush administration and, 98

incompetent execution of, 121

international, 94

WWII and, 108–112

priesthood, secular, 31, 32, 33

prisons, 67

progressive movements, 66, 105–106, 107, 150

western obstruction of, 39–42

Project for a New American Century, 63

propaganda, 69, 129–131, 141–143, 159, 178n5

protests, 66

antiwar demonstrations and, 163

of human rights violations, 88–90

of Iraq occupation, 145

public health, 39, 57, 84–85. See also health

public opinion, 89, 129, 144

Afghanistan and, 133

world, 163

public school, 53

racism, 100, 105, 148

raw materials, 52, 140, 160

Rawnsley, Andrew, 138

reactions to aggression, 45, 46–47

Reagan, Ronald, 45, 83, 100, 103

refugees, 76

relationship of forces, 88–90, 150

religion, 31, 44

Islam, 43, 130–131, 146

respectability, 129

responsibility, 140, 150

Rhodes, Cecil, 75–76

rich countries, 72, 89, 157–159

rights: economic, 72, 80, 83, 84–85

individual, 72, 84

of Iraqis, 147–149

political, 72, 80, 84, 86–87

priorities between types of, 83–88

social, 72, 80, 83, 84–85

risks of Third World relations, 52–58

Roberts, Les, 70

Roosevelt, Kermit, 47

Roth, Kenneth, 158

rules of war, 146

Rumsfeld, Donald, 57

Rushdie, Salman, 133

Russel, Bertrand, 29, 45, 48, 96, 177n3

Russia, 45, 79, 85

Rwanda, 48, 49, 51, 140

Sabah, Ali, 149

Salisbury, Lord Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 29, 31

sanctions, 55–56, 57, 69

Sandinistas, 36, 57, 102–104, 119

Sarajevo, 50

Schleisinger, Arthur, 29–30

school, 53

science, 53

Second World War, 108–112

secular priesthood, 31, 32, 33

Security Council of United Nations, 56, 60, 64, 125

self-defense, 125

Sen, Amartya, 39

September 11, 2001, 93

American reactions to, 42, 45

Arab reactions to, 168n7

Serbia, 80

Sharon, Ariel, 128

Sheehan, Cindy, 71

Sihanouk, Norodom, 48, 170n23

Slovakia, 85

socialism, 46–48, 85–86, 115, 133–134

social justice movements, 104

social rights, 72, 80, 83, 84–85

social security, 83

solidarity, 115

Somoza, 36

South, global, 141

sovereignty: absolute, 95

national, 117, 118–119, 128, 140

Soviet Union, 42–46, 61, 162

Afghanistan and, 65–66

Cold War policy in, 43

Cuba and, 84

Czechoslovakia and, 92, 93, 110

dominant ideology in, 31

German invasion of (1941), 34

industrialization and, 81

Spanish Republic, 110

Srebrenica, 48, 49

Stalin, Josef, 46, 129, 136–137

Stalinism, 43–45

standard of living, 82

Stead, William Thomas, 75–76

Suez Canal, 107

Sullivan, Andrew, 108

support, 124

active vs. passive, 126–128, 135

rhetoric of, 134–138

survival, 87

Swift, Jonathan, 34

Syria, 47

Taliban, 124, 157

Tallafar, 148

Telesur (Latin American television station), 159

television, 71, 159–160

Terror and Liberalism (Berman), 120

terrorism: demonization of term, 59

India and, 93

Iraqi resistance and, 160

Israel and, 77

justification for, 43–45

war on, 71, 93, 119–122

Third World, 35

cooperation and, 140

debt and, 80

dependence on, 52–55, 89, 113

development in, 38–42

international law and, 99

as political entity, 169n9

rhetoric of support and, 134

torture, 67, 68

totalitarian systems, 33

trade, 109

transition, 72

tribunals, 137, 145, 147, 168n2

Truman, Harry S, 60

Tunisia, 87–88

Uganda, 49

Ukraine, 85

United Fruit Company, 59

United Nations (UN), 96

Declaration of Human Rights (1948), 72, 76, 83

East Timor and, 99

Iraq sanctions and, 55–56

Israel and, 100, 101

non-aligned countries and, 97–98

preventive war and, 110

Security Council of, 56, 60, 64, 125

Srebenica and, 49

UNESCO and, 159

U.S. and, 60, 98, 99–101

United States, 61, 162

“American gulag” and, 42

American holocaust and, 37

defense budget for, 78, 173n19

dependence on Third World of, 52–55

elections and, 85

Europe and, 112–115

ideology in, 31

immigration and, 76

industrialization and, 81

international order and, 96

Nicaragua and, 36–37

public opinion in, 144

as sovereign nation, 95, 117, 118–119, 128, 140

torture and, 67

UN and, 60, 98, 99–101

victims of wars waged by, 37–38

vs. world public opinion, 163

weapons proliferation and, 98

universalism, 162

Uzbekistan, 101

Venezuela, 104–105, 114–115, 117, 119, 162

vengeance, 45

Versailles Treaty (1919), 43, 112, 170n14

Vickers, Michael, 123–124

Vietnam, 85, 93, 131, 160–161

Vietnam War, 64, 68, 131, 178n2

altruism and, 29–30

free press and, 69

ideology and, 34

liberal intelligentsia and, 146

neither-nor stance and, 129

torture and, 67

violence, 70, 77, 163

domination and, 55

genocide and, 55–56

massacres and, 49

revolutionary, 47

in Soviet Union, 43. See also casualties

vision of the world, 139–150

Voltaire, François-Marie Arouet de, 131

Von Sponeck, Hans, 56

Walzer, Michael, 62, 122

war, 79

of aggression, 94

of all against all, 95

Boer War, 29

Cold War, 43, 45–46, 61, 76, 119–120

preventive, 48–49, 61, 94, 98, 108–112, 121

against terror, 71, 93, 119–122

WWI, 43, 48, 111–112

WWII, 108–112. See also Vietnam War

weak arguments, 91–93

weapons, 54, 95, 171n31

of mass destruction, 61, 63, 64, 71, 78, 98, 125

nuclear, 100, 163, 175n7

proliferation of, 98

Weisberg, Jacob, 121

West, Kayne, 72–73

Western Left, 66

Will, George, 68

Wilson, Woodrow, 96

women, 123–124, 131

World War 1, 43, 48, 111–112

World War II, 108–112

Xiaoping, Deng, 77

Young, Hugo, 137, 138

Yugoslavia, 50–51, 79, 80, 85, 111

Zimmermann, Warren, 50