l . (p. 606.) John Gates, "Time for a Change," Political Affairs,
November 1956, p. 50. The kinship of ideas between Browder and Gates is reflected in Browder's introduction to Gates's autobiography, The
Story of an American Communist (New York: Thomas Nelson's, 1958).
Browder writes that when "Gates left the communist movement, this reflected not some mere ly personal revulsion ... but was rather a break with the very foundation of communism." (p. viii.) He credits Gates with having the courage to den ounce "their [Marxist-Leninists' -ed.] most sacred dogmas in the columns of The Daily Worker." (p. ix.) And he concludes that Gates's hook will be welcomed by the young, who, "whilc they have learned to avoid the mistakes that ruined the communist movement, have by no means lost that eternal questing spirit of youth that in an earlier generation led them to communism, but which today will surely find a more reliable channel." (p. ix.) Browder clearly sees Gates in his own image, a redeeming force for "American communism.
2. (p. 606.) Though quite unaware of it at the time, I was given some indication of the shape of things to come at a reception I attended at the
676
BLACK BOLSHEVIK
Soviet Embassy in 1954. The reception was given by Andrei Vyshinsky, an outstanding Bolshevik and then Soviet Ambassador to the United Nations, in honor of the Thirty-seventh Anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution.
Gwen and I were talking with one of the ambassador's young assistants. "Do you know what's going on in our Party-all the rightwing developments?" I asked.
"Oh, don't worry Comrade Haywood, the Soviets will overtake the U.S. in production and all the world's problems will be solved!" was his ready reply.
It was all so quick that I really didn't catch its full significance. Gwen and I were walking out of the embassy when she asked ifl had heard what the young man had said, and she repeated his words for me. As I realized much later, this was an early enunciation of the revisionist "three P's" -
peaceful competition, peaceful coexistence and peaceful transition to socialism.
3. (p. 607.) Benjamin Davis, The Negro People on the March, p. 32.
4. (p. 608.) William Z. Foster, "On the Party Situation," Political Affairs, October 1956, pp. 15-45.
5. (p. 608.) Ibid.
6. (p. 609.) Harry Haywood, For a Revolutionary Position on the Negro Question (Chicago: Liberator Press, 1975), p. 23.
7. (p. 610.) See Proceedings (abridged)of the 16th National Convention of the Communist Party, U.S.A. (New York: New Century Publishers, 1957), p. 47. Hereinafter cited as Proceedings.
8. (p. 613.) James E. Jackson, Jr., "Communist Relations to the Negro 0
People's Movement," Sixteenth National Convention Discussion Bulletin No. 2, November 27, 1956, p. 9.
9. (p. 614.) Al Lannon, Proceedings, p. 121.
10. (p. 615.) Proceedings, p. 108.
11. (p. 615.) Ibid., p. 50.
12. (p. 616.) Ibid., p. 235.
13. (p. 616.) Ibid., p. 236.
14. (p. 616.) The New York Times, May 11, 1957.
15. (p. 616.) Political Affairs, December 1957, pp. 47-61, and January 1958, pp. 49-65.
16. (p. 616.) Ibid., April 1959, pp. 33-43.
17. (p. 616.) Ibid., March 1959, pp. 22-31.
18. (p. 616.) Ibid., p. 31.
19. (p. 617.) New York Times, February 1, 1959, and February 7, 1959.
20. (p. 618.) Benjamin Davis, "Let's Get Going," New York State Communist Party, Party Voice, April 1958, p. 8. (The Party Voicewas an
677
inner-Party discussion bulletin.)
21. (p. 618.) John Gates, The Story of an American Commun ist, pp.
188, 193.
22. (p. 619.) Paul Robeson, Here I Stan d(Boston: Beacon Press, 1971).
23. (p. 619.) Harry Haywood, Fora Revolutionary Position, p. 17.
24. (p. 620.) James Allen, "Some New Data Toward Understanding the Position of Negroes in the U.S. Today," Discussion Bulletin No. 2, p. 12.
25. (p. 620.) Harry Haywood, Fora Revolutionary Position, p. 21.
26. (p. 620.) "Declaration of Communist and Workers Parties of Socialist Countries," Political Affairs, December 1957, p. 87.
27. (p. 621.) Vanguard, September 1958, p. 4. (Vanguard was the organ of the POC.)
28. (p. 623.) Briggs was able to build a circle around himself in the somewhat liberal atmosphere of the Southern California Party. Social Democrats like Dorothy Healey and others in the Party, who held a position somewhat to the right of the national committee, actively fostered a climate of "letting all flowers bloom." In reality, they hoped to provide a cover for their own attacks on Marxism-Leninism and their struggles with the Dennis clique.
29. (p. 624.) Because o_f the many distortions of ultra-leftism, I feel it necessary to give the reader a definition of this phenomenon. The"leftist"
form of opportunism, ultra-leftism, covers itself with super-revolutionary rhetoric and phrase mongering, but inevitably leads to isolation from and disdain for the working class and its ability to make revolution.
While being left in its form, ultra-leftism is right in its essence, manifesting itself as a tendency to overestimate the degree of class consciousness of the masses, belittling the necessity to prepare the masses for revolution through the daily struggle for immediate demands. Ultralcftism sees the proletariat as capable of making revolution without any nllies, through "pure" class struggle.
The class base of this deviation, as Stalin described it, is "newcomers"
to the proletariat from the peasantry, petty-bourgeoisie or intelligentsia.
Those who "have brought with them into the working class their customs, their habits, their waverings and their vacillations. This stratum constitutes the most favourable soil for all sorts of anarchist, semianarchist and
'ultra-Left' groups." (Stalin, "Once More on the Social-Democratic Deviation in Our Party," Works, vol. 9, p. 11.) EPILOGUE
I. (p. 628.) Mao Tsetung, "Statement Calling on the People of the World to Unite to Oppose Racial Discrimination by U.S. Imperialism
BLACK BOLSHEVIK
and Support the American Negroes in their Struggle against Racial Discrimination" (Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1964), p. 6.
2. (p. 629.) George Breitman, ed., Malcolm X Speaks (New York: Grove Press, 1965), p. 218.
3. (p. 632.) "Statement by Comrade Mao Tsetung, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, in Support of the Afro-American Struggle against Violent Repression" (Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1968), p. 2.
4. (p. 632.) Time, June 6, 1963.
5. (p. 633.) Held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in May 1963, this was the founding conference of the Organization of African Unity (OAU).
6. (p. 634.) James Foreman, The Making of Black Revolutionaries (New York: Macmillan, 1972), pp. 331-37.
7. (p. 635.) Breitman, pp. 14-15.
8. (p. 635.) Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (New York: E.P. Dutton, 1968), p. vii.
9. (p. 638.) Robert L. Allen, Black Awakening in Capitalist America (Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Co., 1970), p. 72.
IO. (p. 639.) Allen, p. 161.
11. (p. 639.) Allen, p. 229.
12. (p. 639.) James Jackson, "On Certain Aspects ofBourgeois Nationalism," Political Ajfairs, September 1977, p. 39.
13. (p. 642.) Lenin, "The Discussion on Self-Determination Summed Up," Collected Works, vol. 22, p. 358.
14. (p. 644.) Mao Tsetung, "Statement in Support of the Afro-American Struggle," p. 4.
INDEX
681
Abbott, Robert S., 106
Allman, Police Chief(Chicago), 451,
Abdul Krim, 116,165
454
Abern, Martin, 133, 183
All-Southern Scottsboro Defense
Abkhaz Autonomous Republic (Ab
Committee, 362
khazia}, 194�95
American Civil Liberties Union
Abraham Lincoln Brigade, See
(ACLU), 389
International Brigades
American Consolidated Trades Coun
Addams, Jane,· 133
cil (ACTC), 129-30, 439
Addis Ababa conference, 633, 633n.5 American exceptionalism, Love
African Blood Brotherhood (ABB),
stone's theory of, 278; and the
122-26, 128-31
Comintern, 288-89, 298, 606; Stalin
African Democratic Rally, 579,581
on, 296; and Browder, 419,531;
African National Congress (ANC),
Foster on new Browderism, 608
214n, 235-36
American Federation of La bor
Afro-American people, 550, 554, 640-
(APL), 379, 420, 496
42; and sharecropping, 104, 395-403, American Federation of Labor533-34; ghetto bourgeoisie of, 104, Congress of Industrial Organiza424-29, 637; and the petty bourtions (AFL-CIO), 306-07, 459n.8
geoisie, 105,421; and the race factor, American Labor Party, 602
323-24, 594-97; bourgeoisie of, 324,
American Nazi Party, 111 n
421,424,552, 637-39; economic
American Negro Labor Congress
conditions among, 597,629, 633-34,
(ANLC), 143, 145-46, 164,188,261,
641-42. See also Black; Chicago; 343
Garvey movement; .Communist Par American Peace Mobilization, 496-97
ty; Communist International
American Railway Union, 86
Afro-American self-determination,
American Youth Congress, 510
332-35; Briggs's early views on, 124-
Arnis, Ben, 343, 347-48, 352-53, 361-
25, 128; and revolution, 264, 565-66,
63, 374
641-42; and secession, 332, 334-36;
Amsterdam News, The, 123-24, 393
and autonomy, 334, 552, 554; in
Amter, Israel, 326, 349
post-World War II era, 550,556. See Amtorg, 386
a/so Communist Party USA, and
Appeasement, 468,488, 495-96, 515
Afro-American work; Communist
Aragon, Spain, 478-79
International, and Afro-American
Armstrong, Frank, 443
question; Haywood, Harry
Armstrong, Louis, 90
Agricultural Adjustment Aet, 446
Armwood, George, 393n
Agricultural Workers Union, 533
Association for the Study ofNegro
Aitken,George, 475,488,491
History, 95
Albacete, 473-75, 477,486
Atlanta Six, 345-46
Alexander, H ursel (Harry), 50 l, 505, Austin, J.O., 449
512-13
Australian immigration bar, 508
Alexandrov, 207
Allen, James, 553-54, 574n, 619-20
Baker, Rudy, 149,200, 286, 346
Allen, Norval, 129
Bandung Conference, 60 l
Allen, Ted (Canadian), 485
Bankhead Bill, 433
Allen, Ted (West Virginian), 611, 622 Bankole, 154, 157, 165, 168,191,281
682
BLACK BOLSHEVIK
Barbusse, Henri, 214
Black liberation movement, and armed
Barcelona, Spain, 473
self-defense, I, 81-82, 632,636;
Bass, Charlotta, 577, 580
Black-white unity in, 7, 84,249, 318-
Bassett, Theodore, 492, 494, 596
19, 334,338, 350-51, 381,416,434,
Bates, Ruby, 393, 394n
465, 632; Birth of a Nation
Beard, Charles, 208
campaign, 93, 93n; and Africa, 329-
Beard, Mary, 208
30, 632; and the Black united front,
Bedacht,Max, 187,252,291,302-03,
421, 431-33, 640; and the inter305,418
national situation, 494,549, 629-31,
Bell, Tom, 201,292,294
642; in post-war period, 549-50;
Bender, Ed, 470-71, 474-75, 477,486,
integrationism in, 598; and youth,
488
629,633, 636-37, 641-42; and the
Benedict,Ruth, 95
working class, 630, 640, 643; need
Bennett, See Petrovsky
for communist leadership of, 631;
Bennett, Rose, l 72
and ghetto rebellions, 635
Bentley, Milo, 399-400
Black Muslims, See Nation of Islam Berger, Victor, 117
Black nationalism, 280, 420, 424-30,
Berry, Abner, 494
434-36; dual character of, 109-11; as
Bethancourt, Lucille, 622
trend in Black movement, 112,229,
Bibb, Joseph, 130
553; and revolution, 263-66; and
Bierobidzhan, 220
separatism, 332, 336-37; Black
Billings, Warren K., 375, 375n
Power, 636-40
Billups, Joe, 438
Black Panther Party, 636
Birmingham, Alabama, 396, 632
Black Power Conference, 631
Birth of a Nation, The, 93, 93n.5 Black reformism, role in Scottsboro, Bittelman, Alexander, and minority
375-76, 391-95; and assimilationism,
faction, 187, 247-48, 252, 258, 275,
421; in Ethiopia defense, 449; and
277; supports Black self-detercorruption of Black leadership in mination, 249, 262; and the
1950s, 597-98; in the Black Revolt,
Comintern, 260, 291-92, 297,299;
629-31. See also National Associaapex theory of, 289
.ion for the Advancement of
Black Belt nation, and Soviet
Colored People, Communist Party
communists, 218-19, 223, 278-80,
USA and the National Urban
332-38; historical development of,
League
231-34, 325; population of, 280,609,
Black Revolt, 628-31, 639-40
641; not a colony, 322-23, 332,335;
Black soldiers in World War I, 41-42,
after World War Il, 551-54, 566; and
50-51, 79; mutiny of the 24th
land question, 554-55, 629,641
Infantry, 43-45, 49-50, 251; 370th
3lack codes, 6
lnfantry and the French Army, 54,
nack history, 9-lO, 550; and
56-57, 61, 63-64, 66-67; relations
Reconstruction, 5-6, 231, 400, 492,
with the French, 54-55, 60-62, 64-65;
629,631; World War I era, 42-43;
and racism of U.S. Army, 54-55, 65-
racist campaigns in, 83-84, 92-95;
66, 79; veterans and Garveyism, 104
and northern migrations, 84, 87, 95;
Black Star Steamship Line, 104, 111-
distortions of, 94-95, 100, 208-09
12
llack Legion, 437
Black workers, 99, 131; and industrial
INDEX
683
work force, 86-87, 549; as strike
Brown, George, 202, 204, 480
breakers, 87, 108-09, 366; in 1931
Brown, Lloyd, 589n.13
miners' strike, 366-68. See also
Brunete, 480-82, 485, 488
American Consolidated Trades
Buck, Tim, 149
Council, American Negro Labor
Bugs Club Forum, 101, 115, 129, 129n
Council
Bukharin, Nikolai, 185, 245, 259, 278,
Blackman, 579-80
496; and Lovestone, 190-9 I, 291;
Bloor, Ella Reeve (Mother), 201,
and right opposition, 200-0 I; on
20ln,292,305
South Africa, 236; and right line,
Boas, Franz,95, 101
257-58, 285-87
Bohemians, 15-17
Bunche, Ralph, 423
Bollens, John, 438
Bundy, McGeorge, 638
Bombay, India, 509-10
Bunting, Rebecca, 271-72, 272n.30
Bosse, A.G., 316
Bunting, Sidney, 237, 239-40, 260,
Boutee, Oliver, 505
270-71, 511
Boyce, William, 364
Burgess, John, 100
Briggs, Cyril, 125n, 345; in African
Burlack, Ann, 345
Blood Brotherhood, 123-28; early
Burnham, Louis, 584
views on self-determination, 124-25;
and Lovestone, 252, 291; on Afro
Campbell, Grace, 123
American work, 317-20; against
Camp Hill massacre, 398-400, 418,
white chauvinism in CP, 353;
533
expulsion from CP, 492; and
Canada, Communist Party of, 149
readmission, 492n.2; against pro
Canadian Tribune, The, 485
Japanese movement, 494; against
Cannon, James, 251,258,275,277, 283
revisionism in CP, 623-24, 623n
Capetown, 510-12
Brodsky, George, 474
Careathers, Ben, 346, 447
Brodsky, Joseph, 361
Carlock, Levon, 409-15
Brome, Vincent, 491n
Carr, Joe, 345
Browder, Earl, 250-51, 277,331,343,
Carver, George Washington, 386
346-47, 353,361; at Seventh
Central Intelligence Agency, 307,639
Convention, 326-27; and Haywood, Chalmers, David, 93n.6
382,470,487,490-91,493,498;at
Chamberlain, Houston, 94
Eighth Convention, 419; and Blacks, Chamlee, George W., 361-63
461, 550; at Ninth Convention, 463-
Chang Tso-Iin, 156
64; liquidates position on self
Charney, George Blake, 603,612,617
determination, 491,498, 532-35, 543; Chicago, 1919 race riot, 1-4, 81; and Ford, 491-92, 547; Teheran
economy of, 84-88; Blacks in, 84, 86-
thesis of, 514, 527-28, 530; liquida88, 442; and labor history, 86; tion of CP, 514-15, 532; and
radical forums in, 115, 117, 130;
imperialism, 530-31, 536-37; ex
Black radicals in, 129-3 I; and
pelled, 537n; and Foster, 540-42,
unemployed movement, 442-44;
568-69; and Dennis, 557; and Gates,
police repression in, 443-46; and
606n. I. See a/so Communist Party
Red Squad, 445-46, 452,458,461,
USA, Browderism
476; Ethiopia defense movement,
Brown, Earl, 5.98
448-57
BLACK BOLSHEVIK
Chicago De/ender, The, 93n, .106, 345, Negro question, 228-34, 260-61, 281, 455-56
316,327,331,343; 1928 resolution,
Chicago Federation of Labor, 140n,
268-69,279-80,318,321,327; 1930
199,250,450
resolution, 327, 331-38
Childs, Morris, 200, 445, 451, 456
Communist Party USA, founded, 86;
China,463,495,502,508,6�3·
Fourth Convention of, 140-43, 250;
Chou En-lai, 459
farmer-labor party, 140n, 464;
Christian Front, 533n.9, 560
Sixth Convention of, 288-91, 317;
Church, Bob, 414
and Southern work, 319, 376-77,
ChuTeh, 459
380-82, 396-97; and the depression,
Churchill, Winston, 530
325-26, 361,380; Seventh Con
Cl, See Communist International vention of, 326-27; and electoral
Civil Rights Congress, 550, 572, 600
politics, 379-80, 462-66; Eighth
Clark, Joseph, 612
Convention of, 416-34, 436; orienta
Coad, Mack, 398
tion toward Southern work, 432-33;
COINTELPRO, 639
Ninth Convention of, 462-65; and
Cold war, 570, 583-86
World War II, 496, 498-99, 534-35;
Committee for the Defense of
and united front against fascism,
Political Prisoners, 383, 389
532,646
Communist, The, 316,492
-Afro-American work, early social
Communist International (Comintern
democratic line on, 121, 132, 188,
or Cl), 118, 125-26, 171n, 267, 351n,
221-22,226-28,253-54,259,26ln,
371n, 433; Executive Committee of
317; and Soviet communists on
(ECCI), 183,246,295,330,382,419;
national question, 134-35, 219; 223-
Second Congress of, 223; Fourth
25, 223n.5; and Comintern resolu
Congress of, 225; Fifth Congress of,
tions, 268-69, 278-80, 331-38; and
225-26; and South Africa, 234-39,
National Negro Department, 317,
245, 259-66, 272-75, 277-80, 317,
374,491,558,587,609; and white
323, 325, 357; Sixth Congress of,
chauvinism in the 1930s, 317,320,
245, 256-80, 284-86; and inter350-58,420,429-30,435,439;and national right, 284; International
the labor movement, 318-19, 372-74,
Control Commission of, 295,307,
549-50; and the struggle for the new
313; Presidium of, 300-06; and "third
line, 320-21, 326, 332; and Black
period," 330-31; on fascism and war,
membership, 326, 332, 350, 548; and
382, 447; Seventh Congress of, 447-
land question, 335,403,433,551,
48, 532
554-56; and united front, J.37, 376,
-Communist Party USA, 141-42,
431-33, 608; and Scottsboro, 358-63,
370, 373, 382, 606; and factionalism,
368, 391-95; reformism in, 375-76,
246,282-84,288-90,298-99,305,
421-29,431,433,435-36,499,534,
317; and American exceptionalism,
598-604; concentrates on South, 395;
278, 288-89, 296-98; and American
and Eighth Convention, 420-36;
Commission, 292-98, 304; and
petty bourgeois nationalism in, 420,
miners' strike (1931), 373
588-89, 592-94; in Ethiopia defense;
-Afro-American question, 222; at
448-57; and National Negro Con
Sixth Congress, 227-28, 259-69, 278-
gress, 457-62; Browderism in, 465,
80, 317,565; subcommittee on
491-92, 498, 532-36; fight to restore
INDEX
685
revolutionary line in, 543, 548-59,
ship, 537-39, 538n, 541,543, 567-69,
565-61 I, 613-14, 618-19; and modem
585-86; at Fourteenth Convention,
revisionist attack on self-deter539,541, 566-69; and rightism as the mination, 551, 556-69, 607,609,611;
main deviation, 541,557, 624-25;
assimilationism in, 551-54, 595, 598-
effect on mass work, 556-59, 567-69,
604, 628-29; and NAACP, 558, 568,
571,587,591,598; and elections,
597, 599-602, 608; and liquidation of
556-57, 567; and reformism, 557-59,
Southem work, 585,613; and phony
567-68, 598-608, 626; liquidationism
war on white chauvinism, 586-94;
of, 557-58, 568-69, 585-86, 605; and
Jiquidation 6f revolutionary position
Jabor aristocracy, 560, 627; and
on, 598-604, 608-09, 611-16, 618-20,
Wallace campaign, 567,570; and
624; and liquidation of"left centers,"
Smith Aet Trials, 567n.53, 568, 570-
600-02; and attacks on Black cadres,
71, 573-75, 583-86, 626; and "peace618,628; and Black Revolt, 637, ful transition " and anti-monopoly
639-40
coalition, 569, 574-75, 608, 611-12,
-Early factional struggle, at Fourth
625; and South, 585,613; and FBI,
Convention, 140-43, 187,190,246,
586-87, 589,591; and Marxist-·
296,302;andB!acks, 188,248,252-
Leninists, 598-99, 610-11, 613-14,
56, 266-68, 303; and Sixth Congress,
618, 621-26; and Democratic Party,
245-52, 258-59, 275-77; Lovestone
602, 608-09; and 1954 Draft
group claims CI support in, 246,
Program, 602-03; and Gates faction,
282-84; and independent unions,
605-07, 610-15, 617-18, 620-21; at
246-48,258-59;andB!acks,248,259;
Sixteenth Convention, 607-18, 620-
and the Foster faction, 249-52; and
21; and Foster-Gates unity deal, 610;
American exceptionalism, 258-59,
and Foster faction, 610,612,618,
278, 288-89, 296,298; and Bukharin,
620; and tuming point in Party, 612;
259, 277-78, 285-88; intensifies after
and Dennis faction, 612, 617-18,
Sixth Congress, 281-307; and
620; and Twelve Party Declaration,
Lovestone attack on CI, 298n.10;
620; and Seventeenth Convention,
and mass campaign against Love623-24; and detente, 627
stone, 305-06
Communist Party Opposition Group,
-Organization, and membership,
306
326, 463, 535-37; and factory units,
Communist Political Association
499, 535-36; democratic centralism
(CP A), 526, 537n.13, 540, 573, 606
in, 537,539,621; and criticism and
Conference for Progressive Political
self-criticism, 587,592,626.
Action, 140n
-Browderism, 464-65, 498-99,
Congress for Industrial Organizations
530-37, 548n, 554; and labor work,
(CIO), and the unemployed councils,
499, 535-38; and liquidationism, 511,
375; and World War II, 496; and the
513-15,526-27,530,532;and
NMU, 501; and the Communist Parreconstitution, 526-30, 537, 539-41; ty, 540,548,559, 566-60
struggle against, 530, 537-41, 568,
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE),
626; and rank and file, 537-39,
630-33
537n. 16, 541, 568; and liquidation of Connolly, James, 205, 205n.7
Natic:,nal Negro Congress, 558-59
Connolly, Roderick, 205
-Modem revi:sionism, in leader-
Conrad, Earl, 572, 590
686
BLACK BOLSHEVIK
Copeman, Fred, 483
member ofFosterfaction, 608,612,
Copic, Lt.-Col. Vladimir, 474-78, 482,
617
486-88, 491, 491n
Davis, Benjamin, Sr., 403-04
Costigan-Wagner Anti-Lynch Bill,
Davis, John P., 458-59, 495
436,460
Davis, Lena (Sherer), 200, 302
Costini movement, 427
Davis, William H. "Kid," 393
Coughlin, Father Charles, 437, 462,
Deacons for Defense and Justice, 632
533, 533n.9, 560
Debs, Eugene V., 86, 138
Council on African Affairs, 577,581, Delany, Martin, 104n 601-02
De Leon, Daniel, 205n. 7
Cowl, Margaret, 199,302
Democratic Party, 602
Cowley, Malcolm, 389
Dengel, Philip, 288, 290
Crestintern, 17 In, 292
Denmark, 496
Crimea, Autonomous Republic of,
Dennis, Eugene, 537-38; and Brow191-92, 195-96, 307-IO
der, 537-38, 388n; and Black self
Crisis, The, See N AACP
determination, 556-58, 598; and
Croatian national question, 553
Progressive Party, 567, 567n.53; and
Crockett, George, 574
"mass party," 605; attacks Party left, Crow, Neil, 505-06
605, 607, 624; liquidationism of, 613,
Crump, "Boss," 4IO, 412-13
617;and Blacks, 618,640
Crusader, The, 122-26, 125n, 345
Deportations, 572
Crusader News Service, 253
DePriest, Oscar, 130,394, 465-66
Cruse, Harold, 637
Dessalines, See Harold Williams Cuba, 547n. See also Popular
Detroit, 437-38
Socialist Party
Detroit Times, The, 437
Cunningham, Jock, 477,482, 484-88, Dewey, Thomas E., 570
491
Dickson, Thomas, 93
Curran,Joseph,561-64,573
Dill Pickle Club, 115, 129, 129n
Czechoslovakia, 495
Dimitrov, Georgi, 419, 447-48, 574
Domingo, W.A., 123
Daily Worker, The, 86,316,345,618; Doran, Dave, 377
and Scottsboro, 360-62; and Ethio
Dorsey, Herman, 129
pia, 444, 453; and Harry Haywood,
Doty, Edward, 117,122,129,131,
465, 576-77; and the Gates faction,
140,143
605,612, 620-21
Dougher, Joe, 611,622
Dalton, Mary, 345-47
Draper, Theodore, 125n
D'Arboussier, Gabriel Marie, 579-81
Dreiser, Theodore, 214
Darcy, Sam, 133,262,515,540
Dual unionism, 364, 539
Darrow, Clarence, 117
Dubinsky, David, 306
Darwin, Charles, 96
Dubois, W.E.B., 56n, 421,423,584,
Davis, Benjamin, Jr., 436, 567n.53,
601; early writings of, 5, 19, 36; and
584; background of, 381, 403-06;
Black history, 95; and Garvey
and Smith Aet trial, 535, 573-74;
movement, 111; and LSNR, 393n;
reformism of, 568, 599-602, 614,618;
and NAACP, 422,425
attacks right of self-determina-
Duclos, Jacques, 526-28, 537-38, 540,
tion, 585, 607-08, 616,618; as
579,606,612
687
Dum Ping, 135,214
cans, 468-69
Dunkirk, 496
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Dunlap, Alexander, 129
(FBI), 148,571,586, 591-92, 639
Dunne, William, and Comintern, 228, Federal Relief Crop Reduction 251,258,271,275,277,331;
Program, 397
supports right of self-determination, Finland, 496
261-62; and 1931 miners' strike, 365-
Finot, Jean, 101
66; expelled from CP, 539,577
Firestone, Henry, 423, 429
Dunning, William Archibald, 94
Fletcher, Ben, 146
Duranty, Walter, 388n
Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley, 585
Dutt, R. Palme, 570
Fokin, 260
Ford, James, 188,418, 547; on
Early, Jim, 117
ANLC, 146; at Sixth Congress, 228,
ECCI, See Communist International 253,260, 317; on self-determin
Eight-hour day movement, 86
ation, 262-65, 267, 498, 535; at Fifth
Eisler, Gerhart, 285,571
RILU Congress, 328,329,331; as
Ellington, Duke, 511
vice-presidential candidate, 380, 464;
Emancipator, The, 123
and Scottsboro, 393; and Haywood,
Encina, Dioniso, 315
442, 491-94, 544,577; and the
Engdahl, J. Louis, 185,287, 392n.2
National Negro Congress, 460; falls
Engels, Friedrich, 117, 119, 209
from leadership, 535n.12
Ercoli, See Togliatti, Palmiro Ford Foundation, 631,638
Eritrea, 448
Forshay, 407-15
Ethiopia, 416, 448-49, 459-60, 463,
Fort Pillow massacre, 21n
495
Fort-Whiteman, Lovett, 126, 139,
Ethiopia defense movement, 448-57,
143-48, 164,226,253,261
468n.3, 476,501
Foster, A. L., 457
Ethiopia, Joint Committee for the
Foster, William Z., 418, 466, 542, 547-
Defense of, 448, 450
48, 585; and Iabor work, 131,
Evers, Medgar, 633
143n.16, 247-50, 249n, 365,371;
Ewart, 285, 371-72, 371n
and Afro-American question, 248-
49, 262, 592-93, 596,616; and
Fair Employment Practices Commit-
struggle with Lovestone, 258, 275,
tee (FEPC), 499,501
277,290,292,295, 305;jajled, 326,
Falls, Arthur G., 450,457
349; as Party presidential candidate,
Farmer, Jim, See Mahoney
380, 397; at Ninth Convention, 463;
Farmers' National Committee of
in struggle against Browder, 513-15,
Action, 379
528-30, 539-43; against modem
Farmers' National Relief Conference,
revisionism, 537n.16, 538n, 567n.53,
401
585-86,568-69,608,610,616;and
Farmers Union of Alabama, 533,
pragmatism, 540; and liberals, 542;
533n.8
and role of Party, 542; on peaceful
Fascism, 447; and threat of war, 382,
transition, 542, 575, 608; and the
419,456,462; danger of in U.S.
"left danger," 568-69, 616; on CP in (1935), 446-47, 533n.9; and Spanish
cold war, 586; and Hungary, 607;
Civil War, 468; and Afro-Ameri-
and Sixteenth Convention, 608, 610,
688
BLACK BOLSHEVIK
613-14, 616; and Chairman Mao
Germany, Communist Party of, 150,
Tsetung, 616-17
284-85, 371n
Fox, Ralph, 203, 203n.4
Getto, Adam, 367-70
France, 468, 495-96,
Ghadr Party, 162-63
- 515
Gibson, Lydia, 117,131,139,140
France, Communist Party of, 284,
Gitlow, Benjamin, 187, 252-53, 291,
470,473,526-28,570-81
293, 301-05
Franco, Francisco, 181,479,483
Gladstein, Richard, 574
Franklin, Francis, 492, 551-52
Gobineau, Count Arthur D., 94
Free Thought Society, 130
Gold Coast (Ghana), 281
Freedom, 584, 60 I
Golden, 154, 164, 186,190,251,386
Freiheit, Die, 410
Golden, Jane, 153-55, 217
French syndicalism, 250
Goldstein, Rabbi Benjamin, 389
Friends of the So viet Union, 214-16, Goldway, David, 596
510
Gomez, Manny, 133,258,277
Granger, Lester, 460
Gal, General, 474-75, 477,487,488,
Grant, Cutt, 365-70
491, 491n
Grant, Madison, 94
Ganley, Nat, 438
Gray, Abe, 443
Gannett, Betty, 558, 585-86, 595-96,
Gray, Eula, 417
603
Gray, Jesse, 559-60, 563
Garland, Walter, 480-81
Gray, John, 444
Garner, John Nance, 394
Gray, Ralph, 398-99, 417
Garvey, Marcus, 101-02, 105,
Gray, Tom, 398,418, 401-02
I Il
Great Britain, foreign policy of, 468,
Garvey Movement, 223, 233, 425, 429;
495-96, 515-16
beginnings of, 102; and self-deter
Great Britain, Communist Party of,
mination, 103; social base of, 103-05; 272-75, 284
attacked by The Chicago De/ender, Green, See Gusev 106; contradictory class character of, Green, Gil, 133, 567n.53, 575, 605
110-12; left opposition to, 127-28; a
Green, William, 379
utopian trend, 269, 336; a source of
Griffith, D. W., 93
recruits to CP, 326,442; Harlem,
Gross, Diana, 443
roots of, 350; and Sixties' national
Guernica, 468
ism, 637
Guillen, Nicolas, 478
Gastonia Strike, 317-19, 376-77
Gumede, Joshua, 214-16, 236
Gates, John, at Fourteenth Conven
Gusev, S. I., (Green), 141,292,294,
tion, 567n.13, 576-77; faction of
298
605-07,610-15,617-18,620-21;and
Browder, 606n. I; resignation of,
620-21
Ralff, Max, 164
Gates, Lil, 596, 603
Hall, Becky, 623
Gebert, Bill, 578, 580, 582
Hall, David (nephew of Harry
George, Harrison, 537n.16, 538-39,
Haywood), 344
543
Hall, Ekaterina (wife of Harry
Germany, 463, 515-16
Haywood), 172-73, 310-11, 338-40,
INDEX
689
382, 387-90, 524
Hawkins, Ike, 328-29, 365
l lall, Eppa (sister of Harry Haywood), Hayes-Tilden agreement, 5, 231
140,173,344,389
Haymarket riot, 86
Hall, Gus, 567n.53, 575, 583, 605, 640
Haywood, Big Bill, 155, 170-72
llall, Gwendolyn Midlo, 604, 606n, Haywood, Harry, birth of, 5; family 61 I, 618, 622-23
of, 6-14, 20-21, 24-27; firstjobs of,
Hall, Harriet (mother of Harry
37-38, 88, 91; joins Army, 41; joins
Haywood), 5, 173
Black postal worker discussion
Hall, Haywood (father of Harry Haygroup, 99-117; joins YCL, 132; joins wood), 5, 6, 8, 21, 348-49
CPUSA, 138; chosen for Lenin
Hall, Haywood (grandfather of Harry
School, 189; develops view of Black
Haywood), 7
nation, 218-22, 229-34, 259-69; head
Hall, Haywood (son of Harry
of National Negro Dept., 374; report
Haywood), 623
to Eighth Convention, 420-34; placed
Hall, Col. Haywood (plantation
on Politburo, 434; becomes LSNR
owner), 6-7
secretary, 436; on Chicago's South
Hall, Otto, in youth, 5, 25-29, 79;
side, 446; speaks at Ninth Conearly years in movement, 98, 117, vention, 465; serves in Spain, 467-89,
121-2�, 140; in Soviet Union, 143,
543-45; slander campaign against,
153, 165, 168, 173, 185, 189-90,
490-91; 1938 article pirated, 492;
194-95, 216; at Sixth Congress,
removed from Politburo and Cen228-29, 260, 262-66; leaves SU, tral Committee, 493; joins merchant
281; elected to Central Committee,
marine and NMU, 500-526; writes
291; and mass work, 319, 380,406;
Negro Liberation, 544-45, 554, 565-
as delegate LSNR convention, 345,
66, 565n; and sabotage of Negro
347-49
Liberation sequel, 576, 580-84; and Halley's Comet, 31-33
phony war on white chauvinism, 592;
Hamilton, Chico, 578
critiques Wilkerson, 595-96; writes Hammersmark, Sam, 117
For a Revolutionary Position on
Hammett, Dashiell, 576
the Negro Question, 609, 619-20; Harlem, 350, 549
joins left forces in CP, 611; at
Harlem Liberator, The, 436
Sixteenth Convention, 614-15;joins
Harper, Lucius, 345
POC, 622-23; and Seventeenth
Harper, Sol, 360-61
Convention, 624; expelled from CP,
Harris, Abraham, 139
624
Harris, Charles, 402
Healey, Dorothy, 623n
Harris, Emma, 165-67
Hearst Press, boycott of, 460
Harris, Lem, 40 I
Henry, John, 291
Harrison, Hazel, 149
Henry, Sgt. Vida, 44
Hart, Ozzie, 459
Henry, William, 474
Harvey, John, 132-33
Herbert, Phil, 133
Hathaway, Clarence, at Lenin School, Herndon, Angelo, at LSNR con201,228,252,261; in Detroit, 344-vention, 363; framed up, 380-82,
�6; editor Daily World, 353-55, 397; 403-06; and defense movement, 420,
at Eighth Convention, 418
432, 459-60
Havana, 545-48
Herndon, Milton, 469
690
BLACK BOLSHEVIK.
Herodotus, 101
Industrial Workers of the World
Herrick, Red, 505,507, 512-13
(IWW), 86, 146, 172-73, 205n.8, 539
Hershovitz, Melville, 95
Ingersoli, Robert G., 96
Herve, 579
lngram,
Rosalee, 550
Hirohito, 462
Innis, Roy, 637
Hitler, Adolph, 416, 462-63, 468,482, International Brigades, Abraham 495-96, 498
Lincoln Battalion, 468, 473,483,486,
Holiday, Billie, 525
488; Washington Battalion, 468, 474,
Hollywood Ten, The, 571
480-84, 488; and Ethiopia,
Holmes, Tim, 459
468n.3; Garibaldi Brigade, 473;
Hong Kong Massacre of 1926, 163
Thåelmann Brigade, 473,491; struc
Hoover, Herbert, 344, 379
ture and leadership of, 473-74, 477,
Horne, Lena, 578
479; and propaganda work, 479-80;
Houphouet-Boigny, Felix, 579-81
British Battalion, 480-83, 485, 488;
Hourihan, Martin, 476,481
Dimitrov Battalion, 483, 488;
Houston, Marie, 281,300, 312-14
Franco-Belgian Battalion, 483,488;
Houston, Texas, 49
Spanish Battalion, 483, 488; and the
Howard, Joe, 395
NMU,501
Howard, Milton, 453
International Labor Defense (ILD),
Howe, Louis, 394
316,377,389,534,548;andRichard
Hudson, Hosea, 395
B. Moore, 189,253; and the Yokinen
Hudson, Reverend, 381
trial, 357; and Scottsboro, 360-62,
H udson, Roy, 50 l
391-94, 392n.2; and the Herndon
Hughes, Langston, 342,418; in
case, 381-82, 405-07; and the Victory
Moscow, 384n, 383-85; and LSNR,
case, 437; Chicago branch, 445, 448;
436; in Spain, 478
liquidated, 550
Huiswood, Hermie (Dymont), 470,
International Trade Union Commit583
tee of Negro Workers, 328-30,
Huiswood, Otto, 253, 291-92, 305,
429n.14, 470
345; and ANLC, 145; in the Soviet
International Workers Order (IWO),
Union, 147, 225;joins Central
407,409-10
Committee, 189; and Afro-Ameri
Ireland, 205-06
can question, 321-25; in Paris, 470;
lreland, Communist Party of, 205,
in Amsterdam, 583
205n.9
Huk guerrillas, 526
Irish revolutionaries in Moscow, 205-
Humbert-Droz, Jules, 260,285
06
Hunger marches, 379
Irish W orkers League, 205
Hunter, Oscar, 469
Isabel, Alonzo, 129, 140,320
Hunton, Dr. Alpheus, 601
Israel, Boris, 407-1 l, 415
Isserman, Abraham, 574
Ibarruri, Dolores (La Pasionaria),
Italian anti-fascist groups, 448
469, 478-79, 478n
Italian imperialism, 448
ILD, See International Labor Defense ltaly, Communist Party of, 473-74
Independent Non-Partisan League,
Ivory Coast Republic, 579
130
IWW, See Industrial Workers of the India, Communist Party of, 509-10
World
INDEX
691
.lnckson, James, and the right of self
Kerner Report, 635
dctermination, 598-600, 613, 618-19; Khrushchev, Nikita, 491n, 606
on national liberation movements,
Kilpatrick, Admiral, 622
599, 639; at Sixteenth Convention,
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 631, 633-34,
t, 12-13; attacks militant Blacks in
636
C 'P, 618,624; and reformist
Kingston, Steve, 349
program, 623-24
Kitarov, 292
.lncobins, 176n.l
Klaus, Col. Hans, 475,488,491
.lumes, Cliff, 399-400
Klineburg, Otto, 95
.lumes, Jesse, 11
Knox, Col. Frank, 462
,lupanese imperialism, 416,428,502;
Kohn, Felix, 313-14
und U.S. Blacks, 429n.14, 494; and
Kolarov, 292, 294-95
China, 508; and Burma, 509
Korean War, 579-80, 584
,lurama, Battle of, 474-77, 491
Kouyate, 329
Jcfferson School, 565,577, 590-91,
Kroll, June, 164
594,596
Krumbein, Charles, 199, 286, 543-44
Jcffries, Herbert, 506, 511-12
Kruse, William, 201,320
.lcffries, Howard, 511
Ku Klux Klan, 359,405,437,632; first
Jerome, V.J., 492,537
organized, 7; in twenties, 93, 93n.6;
.I im Crow laws, 54-57, 73, 75, 555
and Nation oflslam, li In; supports
Jobs for Negroes movement, 427,430
Garveyism, 111; and Gastonia, 318
Johnson, Maj. Allan, 475,477, 487-88 Kun, Bela, 185,198,207,292,294
Johnson, Hank, 458
K ursanova, 202, 286, 31 I, 314
Johnson, Jack, 19
KUTVA, 154-57, 311; Stalinon, 157n.3
Johnson, Dr. Mordecai, 600
students at, 162-64, 281, 300, 312,
Johnson, Tom, 362, 463
328, 332, 386, 509; struggle against
Johnstone, Sir Harry, 101
Trotskyism, 182, 184
Johnstone, Jack, 131,187,250,258,
Kuusinen, Ottomar, 260, 268, 275n.
275,277,365
36, 327; and national question, 331-
Jones, Claudia, 543, 550-51, 585
33, 272-75; at American Commis
Jones, Jack, 129n
sion ofCI, 292, 298-99; at 12th
.lournal of Negro History, 95
Plenum of ECCI, 382-83
Kadalie, Clements, 235
Labor aristocracy, 88, 459n.8, 625-27,
Kamenev, 184; 202n
630
Kaplan, Nat, 133
Labor De/ender, The, 316,415
Katayama, Sen, 185,219,223
Labor Unity, 316
Kutz, Arthur, 583
LaFollette, Robert, Jr., 574
Kaye, Sam, 484
LaFollette, Robert, Sr., 140n
Kazakhstan, 191
La Guma, James, 235-37, 239-40, 270-
Keller, James, 611, 622
71
Kellogg Peace Pact, 448
Lampkin, Daisy, 414
Kelly, Mayor 449-51, 454,460, 465-66 Landis, Arthur, 491n Kemal Pasha, 165
Landon, Alfred M., 462, 464, 466
Kennedy Institute of Politics, 638.
Lannon, Al, and NMU, 501,518; and
Kennedy, John F., 632-34
Smith Aet indictment, 585; and left
692
BLACK BOLSHEVIK
caucus, 611,618; at Sixteenth
Liberator, The, 343,347,356,406,436
Convention, 614; and POC, 622
Liberia, 428-29
Largo Caballero, 476-78
Liberian-American Plan, 428
Law, Oliver, 445, 451-53, 469,476,
Lightfoot, Claude, 444-45, 447, 452,
483,486
458,583
Lawrence, Bill, 470-71, 474-75, 477,
Linton, William C., 130
486,488,492
Lominadze, 266, 276-77
Lawrence, Josh, 501,603
Long, Huey, 437
Larkin, James, (Big Jim) Sr., 204
Longo, Luigi, 473-74
Larkin, James, Jr., 205
Lovestone, Jay, 187,260,262, 302,
League Against lmperialism, 236, 329
309, 316, 541; and Afro-American
League Against War and Fascism, 448 question, 188-90, 231, 255-56, 261, League of Revolutionary Black
264,268, 291-92, 321; an inveterate
Workers, 640
factionalist, 190, 200, 252, 283-84,
League of Struggle for Negro Rights
286,306; and the Cl, 200-01, 283-84,
(LSNR), Bill of Rights of, 342, 393;
289-306; and the Sixth World
founding of, 343, 346-47; New York
Congress, 275-77; and Bukharin,
branch, 350, 356; and white
278, 291; defeat of, 306-09. See also
chauvinism, 352; and Scottsboro,
American exceptionalism; CPUSA,
362; anti-lynching campaign of,
Early factional struggle
393n; in Memphis, 412,414;
Lovett, Robert Morse, 457
campaign to rebuild, 434, 436; and
Lozovsky, A., 274, 276, 29f, 293-95,
Victory case, 436-39; summed up,439
330-31
Lee, Euel, 393n
Lumpkin, Pat, 603, 622
Lee, Robert E., 414
Lutz, Fred, 478
Leibowitz, Samuel, 392
Luxemburg, Rosa, 203
Leighton, Kenny, 578
Lynching,343,359-60,362,393n,420,
Lenin, V.I., State and Revolution,
432,435-36,460,550,554
119; and NEP, 177-78; and struggle
againstTrotsky, 179, l79n.7-8;
Mabley, Joe, IOQ
April Theses of, 202n; on agrarian MacArthur; Gen. Douglas, 526
question, 209-12; on national
McCabe, Louis, 574
question, 211-12, 219,223,266,322; McCarran Aet, 584
on Afro-American question, 219,
MacCaulay, Frank, 329
223-25, 223n.5, 224-25
McClain, Helen, 328-29
Lenin School, 189, 310-11, 315,327, McClaran, Hazel, 389-90
344; students, 198, 332,475,482,611; MacCloud, 155, 168
and struggle against Lovestone, 201, McCormick, Mrs. Cyrus, 423
292, 300, 302, 307; and struggle in
MacDonald, Jim, 149
CPSU, 286; cleansings at, 312-14
MacDonald, Ramsay, 329
Leningrad, Battle of, 516, 519
Maceo, Antonio, 546
Lenke, William, 462
McGohey, Francis, 574
Lewis, Belle, 497, 525-28, 545, 571,
McGrotty, Eamon, 4�4
576,579,586,590-94
McKay, Claude, 84, 145, 225
Lewis, John, 634
McKissick, Floyd, 637
Lewis, John L., 364
MacNeal, A.C., 130
INDEX
693
M 11dden, Martin, 98n
Minor, Robert, in Southside Chicago,
Mllllrid, Spain, 475,483, 487-88
117, 131, 138-40; in the Soviet
M11honey (Jim Farmer), 165,168,253,
Union, 185, 228, 382; as Love-
260,281
stone caretaker, 305; arrested in
M 11lcolm X, 111 n, 629, 633-34
unemployed demonstration, 326; as
Munasseh, 37, 37n
leader ofCPUSA, 343, 361-62, 543-
Mnnn, Charles T., See James Jackson 44; at Eighth Convention, 418; and
Mnnuilsky, and national question,
Spanish Civil War, 469,478, 487-88
212, 266, 272; at Sixth Congress,
Mintz, I., 209-12
260,272n.30,274,292,304
Mirkovicz, Mirko, 486
Mno Tsetung, 459, 616-17, 628,632,
Mitchell, Thomas, 356
636,644
Molotov, V.M., 286,292, 297-98
Murine Workers Industrial Union,
Montgomery, Olen, 358
500
Montgomery Bus Boycott, 630-31
Murshall Plan, 566
Montgomery Ward, 90
Martinsville Seven, 550
Moon, Henry, 383, 384n
Murty, Andre, 473,477
Mooney, Tom, 375, 375n
Marx, Karl, 117,209
Moore, Richard B., 253, 345, 355-56,
Muson, Lee, 444
436; and Briggs, 123; and CP, 126,
Mutes, Dave, 470-71, 474,486
492, 492n.2; as mass leader, 127, 145,
Muurer, George, 392
189,368
Muy Day, 86,326
Moreau, Alberto, 349,597
Muzut, Bob, 134,219,226
Morgan, Henry Lewis, 98, 116
Mr.:ad, Margaret, 95
Morris, Leslie, 202
Mcany, George, 307
Moscow, Battle of, 516
Medina, Judge Harold, 574
Mueller, Max, 101
Melanesians, 503
Muhammad, Elijah, I I In, 598
Mella, Antonio, 214
Muhammad Speaks (Bilalian News),
Meltz, Valeria, 133
102
Memorial Day Massacre, 494
Mulzac, Hugh, 505
Memphis World, The, 413-15
Murphy, 274
Mencken, H.L., 96-97
Murphy, Al, 395,401,418,447
Merriman, Capt., 474;480, 488
Murphy, Arthur, 328
Messenger, The, 123-25
Murray, Sean, 205, 205n.9, 208,418
Mexico, Communist Party of, 314-15
Murmansk run, 519-25
M,•zhrabpom, 383-85
Murray, Philip, 559
M idlo, Gwendolyn, See Hall, Mussolini, Benito, 416, 449-50, 452,
Gwendolyn (Midlo)
454,462,468,482
Mikhailov, (Williams), 260,292,305,
Myers, Blackie, 564
331-32
Myerscough, Tom, 293-95, 365
Miller, Loren, 383
Miller, William, 293
Nada, 165, 509-10
M ills, Mike, 452-53, 458
Nasanov, 204n.7; and Haywood, 234-
Miners' strikes, 364-74, 379,497
35; at Sixth Congress, 260, 264-65,
Mingulin, I., 331
270; in Negro Subcommission of Cl
Mink, George, 501
Colonial Commission, 281, 310-11,
694
BLACK BOLSHEVIK
316-17, 321-22, 327,332
533n.9
Nathan,George, 482,486,488,491
Nationalist Movement for a Forty
Nation of Islam, 102, 111 n, 599, 636-
ninth State, 426
37
Needle Trades Workers lndustrial
National Association for the
Union, 319-20, 351
Advancement of Colored People
Negrin, Juan, 181
(NAACP), and the mutiny of the
Negro Alliance, 427
24th lnfantry, 43, 45n; and
Negro American Labor Council
campaign against Birth Of A
(NALC),602
Nation, 93n; and Garvey, 105; a
Negro Champion, The, 145
reformist and assimilationist trend, Negro Factories Corporation, 111
113, 422-23, 423n.8, 425-26, 436,
Negro Worker, The, 329, 384
439; in Scottsboro defense, 359-61,
Nelson, Steve, 478,486,488,491,544,
375-76, 391-94, 424; and the ILD,
585,612
391-95, 414; and Ethiopia, 460; and
Neruda, Pablo, 467
CPUSA, 499, 558�59, 597-602; and
New Deal, 416,419, 446-47, 462
the Black Revolt, 630-34. See also
New Masses, The, 407
Black reformism
New Negro movement, 123-26, 130
National Bonus March, 380
New Orleans Youth Conference, 555
National lndustrial Recovery Aet,
Newton, Herbert, 281,300,345,444
416,446
Niagara movement, 423
National Maritime Union (NMU),
Nixon, Richard, 639
origins of, 500� 1; Blacks in, 50 I,
Noral, Alex, 292, 305
505, 560-61; communists in, 501,
Nordau, Max, 96
505, 561; and racketeering, 505, 507-
N orris, Clarence, 358
08, 512-13, 518-19; and anti
North, Joseph, 580
communist campaign, 559-64, 572-
Norwegian Sea, 520, 524
73
Nowell, William 0., 431, 43ln.17
National Miners Union (NMU), 320, Nzula, Albert, 198,329, 383
364-74, 379
National Negro Congress (NNC),
Odd Fellows, 403
founding and program of, 457-62;
Oliver, King, 90
against imperialism and fascism,
Omaha, Nebraska, 15
468, 496; third convention of, 494-
O'Neil, John, 443
95; liquidated, 557-58
Ovington, Mary White, 423
National Negro Labor Councils
Owen, Chandler, 123
(NNLC), 549-50, 601
Owens, Gordon, 129
National q uestion, See Lenin, V. I.; Stalin, J. V.; Haywood, Harry; Afro
Pacific Movement for the Eastern
American self-determination; Soviet
World, 428,430
Union, Communist Party of, and
Padmore, George, 328n; and
nationalities policy of
International Trade Union Commit
National ReliefConference, 379
tee of Negro Workers, 328-29, 331;
National Textile Workers Union
anti-communism of, 384, 429; and
(TUEL), 317-18, 377
Pan-Africanism, 429n.14
National Union for Social Justice,
Page, Delia, 445
INDEX
695
l'uige, Thomas, 443
Poland, 495, 497, 516
Pun-Africanism, 428, 429n.14
Politica/ Affairs, 556, 595-96, 617
Puris Commune of 1871, veterans of,
Pollitt, Harry, 288,290
.l30
Pollitt, Margaret, 202
Purker, George Wells, 100-01
Polynesians, 503
Putterson, Haywood, 358, 391-92,
Popular Socialist Party (of Cuba),
394n,572
546-48
Putterson, Jane, 393
Populist movement, 6
Putterson, Leonard, 198
Poston, Ted, 383, 384n
Putterson, Lloyd, 385, 524
Potash, Irving, 567n.53
Putterson, Louise Thompson, 383,
P-owell, Ozie, 358
31!4n
Powers, M.H., 345
Pu tterson, William, at K UTV A, 253,
Profintern, See Red International of
J 13; and the international
Labor Unions (RILU)
communist movement, 267,281,
Progressive Party, 555, 567, 570
300,329,331; and ILD, 389, 392n.2, Provisional Organizing Committee 413; and Scottsboro, 392-94, 571-72;
fora Communist Party (POC), 619,
und Civil Rights Congress, 550, 571-
622
72, 586; and Paul Robeson, 564; and Puerto Rico, 612
Nnbotage of sequel to Negro
Pullman Strike of 1894, 86
l.iheration, 581-83
Puro, Henry, 382
Pcuce Movement to Liberia, 426-27
l'curl Harbor, 502
Quill, Mike, 563
/',•op/e's World, The, 538
Pepper, John, 187, 290, 299, 307; on
Rabinowitz, Jake, 517
the Afro-American question, 226,
Radek, Karl, 203-04
261 n, 262, 266-68, 557; and the
Railroad Strike of 1877, 86
Comintern, 261, 275-77, 283-84; fac
Rakovsky, 212
tional activities of, 295
Randolph, A. Philip, 423, 459n.8, 533;
Perry, Pettis, in Los Angeles, 498,
and New Negro movement, 123; and
500; liquidationism of, 558, 586; in
National Negro Congress, 458-60;
Afro-American work, 576, 587-88,
and Communist Party, 499; and
592, 603; and sabotage of sequel to
l 960s Revolt, 602, 634-35
Negro Liberation, 583; as caretaker Rationalization, capitalist, 316, 318
lcadership in 1950s, 585-86
Ray, Tom, 501
Peters, J ., 349
Raymond, Harry, 326
Pctrovsky, M. (Bennett), 172,234,
Reconstruction Finance Corpora-
260-61, 273-75
tion, 416
Phalanx Forum, 98-100
Red International ofLabor Unions
Philippines, 525-26
(RILU or Profintern), 171n, 252,
Phillips, H.V., 253,261, 307; in YCL,
328, 330; Fourth Congress of, 246,
129, 132; organizing ANLC con283, 330; Fifth Congress of, 328, gress, 143, 145; at the Lenin School,
330-31, 365
198
Redpath, Robert, 98
Pluntation system, 554
Reed,John, 151,223,225
Poindexter, David, 445,451
Reeves, Carl, I 64, 20 I
BLACK BOLSHEVIK
Reichman, Ben, 117
Salzman, Max, 201
Reichstag Fire Trial, 419,448,575
Sampson, Edith, 457,597
Reid, G., 329
San Martin, Grau, 546-47
Reiss, Mania, 300
Sandburg, Carl, 85
Remmele, 259-60, 274
Save the Union Committee, 364
Renner, Otto, 275
Schechter, Amy, 377
Republic Steel massacre, 44,445
Schneider, Isadore, 493
Reuther, Walter, 559
Schuyler, George, 97
Roberson, Willie, 358
Schwab, Irving, 361,405
Roberts, Co!. T.A., 56, 56n
Scottsboro Boys, 356, 358-63, 420,
Robeson, Paul, and Wallace cam-
458-59
paign, 558; and Black united front,
Scottsboro Defense Campaign, at
558, 558n.44, 601; and Harry
Pricedale mine, 368; and CP, 374-77,
Haywood, 564-65, 576,581,584; and
420-21, 432,434,548,630; and other
Here I Stand, 619
defense work, 380-81, 397, 413-14,
Robespierre, l 76n. l
435; and Soviet Union, 385; and
Robinson, Robert, 339-40
reformism, 391-94, 394n; and march
Roca, Blas, 547-48, 547n
on Washington, 391, 393-94; and
Roddy, Stephen, 359
Scottsboro Action Committee, 393;
Rogan, Johnny, 501
in Chicago, 443. See a/so ILD
Rogers, J.A., 95
Seacord, Douglas, 474
Romån, Armando, 611, 621-22
Seamen's International Union (SIU),
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 45n, 394,416,
500,523,561
419,446-47,462-66,499,526,530
Second International, 125
Rosenberg, Ethel, 584
Selassie, Haile, 468n.3
Rosenberg, Julius, 584
Self-determination, right of, and
Ross, Nat, 395, 406-07
Garvey movement, 103; and Afro
Roux, Edward, 271, 511
American question, 124-25, 128,
Roy, M.N., 163
565-66; theoretical discussion of,
Rubin, Harry, 518-19
552-54; CP's liquidation of, 603; and
Rudas, Ladislaus, 207-08
Black capitalism, 638
Rudd, Wayland, 385
Selsam, Howard, 596
Russian Revolution, 118-19, 161,210; Semich, 553
impact on U.S. Blacks, 119-20, 125-
Serg, Giuseppe, 101
26; and British workers and sailors,
Sevastopol, 308-10
202
Shachtman, Max, 133, 283
Rust, William, 204
Sharecroppers Union, 375, 459;
Rustin, Bayard, 635
history of, 397-403; and the CP, 418;
Ruthenberg, Charles, 184-87
liquidated, 500, 532-33, 548n, 554,
Ruthenberg faction, 141,303
556; and Farmers Union of
Ryan,Frank,480,563
Alabama, 553n.8
Rykov, 202n, 245, 285-86
Sharecropping, 395-403, 433, 458,
533-34,551,553-56,641
Sacher, Harry, 573-74
Shields, Bea, 445
Saint-Just, l 76n. l
Sik, Endre, 162,216, 254-55, 262-64,
Sakorov, 162-63, 509
267, 322-25
697
Sikhs, 162-63, 510
Soviet social-imperialism, 627
Simmons, John, 438
Soviet Union, 194-95, 515; Americans
Simmons, LeBron, 438
in, 169-70, 339-40; and New
Simmons, William J., 93n.6
Economic Policy (NEP), 175-76;
Simons, A.M., 208
and agrarian question, 209-12, 266,
Simons, H. J., 240
285; Red Army of, 308-09; in fight
Simons, R. E., 240
against fascism and World War II,
Sinclair, Upton, 85
495-96,498,502,515-16,519,527;
Si1111eiros, David, 314-15
and relations with Britain, 515-16;
Siskind, George, 258, 277
and relations with U.S., 515-16, 537
Sklar, Gus, 200,307
-Communist Party of, and Trot
Sklar, Jim, 133
skyism, 174, 204; and congresses of,
S krypnik, N., 260
175, 177; and worker-peasant
Small, G., 329
alliance, 178-80; and col
Smith Aet, 559n.47, 566-67, 567n.53,
lectivization, 211; and Bukharin
570, 573-75, 584,611,626
right, 245-46, 256, 278, 285; Control
Smith, Ferdinand, 501,564
Commission of, 313; and modem
Smith, Rev. Gerald L. K., 437,462
revisionism, 606n.2
Smith, Homer, 385
-Nationalities policy, 157-60, 209-
Smith, Miranda, 555
12, 241-42, 339-40, 433; and U.S.
Smith, Stewart, 202
Blacks, 134, 167-69, 212-13, 218-19,
Smith, Vern, 540
242,339-40,383-86,522-23;and
Social Darwinism, 94, 97
Crimea, 196, 310; and Ukraine, 211-
Social democracy, 125,382,560
12; and national culture, 214-15; and
Social-fascism, 382
Jewish Question, 220
Social Security Aet, 447
Spain, Communist Party of, 479
Socialist Labor Party, 205n.7
Spanish Civil War, 463, 467-89, 495.
Socialist Party, 123,138,421,448,450,
See also International Brigades 459n.8,460,539,541,625
Spencer, Herbert, 94
Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs), 210 Spencer, Kenneth, 578
Socialist Workers Party, 251,562
Spingarn, Joel, 391,423
Solidarity (IWW), 86
Springhall, 202-03, 208, 31 l , 474
Soong Ch'ing-ling, .214
Squire, Brown, 445
South Africa, 235-36, 239, 269-72,
Stachel, Jack, 305, 343, 349,365,494,
271
567n.53, 583,612
South Africa, Communist Party of, Stalin, Josef, 158-59, 213,216,227,287, 198,281, 235-40, 270-72
309, 419,529; at KUTVA, 157; and
South African Worker, The, 270
ECCI, 183; and Trotsky, l79n.8, 180,
South Omaha, Nebraska, 5-6, 15, 20-21
181 n.13; and the Afro-American
Southern Christain Leadership Con-
question, 219, 223; on national quesforence (SCLC), 630, 633
tion, 220, 220n, 280n, 430, 553; and
Southern Congress for Human Wel
Bukharin, 257-58, 286; on CPUSA,
fare, 496
292, 295-97, 302-04; revisionist cam
Southern Negro Y outh Congress, 468, paign against, 606; on left-oppor555,600,604,610
tunism, 624n
Southern Worker, ·· The, 360, 395, 398 Stalingrad, Battle of, 498,516,519
BLACK BOLSHEVIK
Steel W orkers Organizing Committee
and miners strikes, 364-65, 379; and
(CIO), 396
Gastonia, 376; and merchant marine,
Steffens, Lincoln, 85
500
Sterling, Ross, 359
Trent, Tom, 445, 452, 469, 474
Stoddard, Lathrop, 94
Trotsky, Leon, 174, 178; opposes NEP,
Story, Henry, 345
176; political line of, 178-83, l79n.7;
Strong, Ed, 607, 609-10
defeated in Cl, 183; and conspira
Student Non-Violent Coordinating
torial activity ofTrotskyite bloc, 183-
Committee (SNCC), 630-34, 636,
84; in exile, 184. See also Soviet 641
Union, Communist Party of
Sufi Movement, 427
Trotskyism, in the Spanish Civil War,
Sugar, Maurice, 438
181; in the U.S., 181,283,560;
Sun Vat-sen, 214
and the anti-Stalin campaign,
Sun Vat-sen University, 156
18ln.l3; and the NMU, 560,
562-63
Taft-Hartley Aet, 571
Truesdale, Tom, 349
Tanz, Al, 478
Trotter, Monroe, 393n, 423
Tapsell, Walter, 204
Truman, Harry, 516,570,597
Tartars, 192,196,310
Truman Doctrine, 566
Taub, Allen, 361
Tsereteli, Kolya, 241-43
Tbilisi, 241-43
Tsotho, 270
Teamsters Union, 87
Tutrament, Jerzy, 578-79, 582
Teheran Agreement, 530, 535
Thalheimer, August, 226,285
Ukrainian national question, 211-12,
Thaelmann, Ernst, 150,285, 371n, 419 266
Thermidorians, l 76n. l
Ultra-leftism, See left opportunism Thomas, Norman, 460
Unemployed councils, 442; in Harlem,
Thompson, Louise, See Louise 350; and Scottsboro, 375; and the
Thompson Patterson
South, 377, 380-81; and the CP, 432,
Thompson, Mayor William Hale, 85 435, 548; and Blacks, 442-43, 448
Thompson, Robert, 538n, 567n.53,
United Communist Party, 606
573-75. 605. 612,621
Union Party, 462
Thorez, Maurice, 579
United front, 447; from below, 330-31,
Tobacco workers strikes, North Caro-
394,420,433; and Scotts boro defense,
lina, 555
391-95; against fascism, 447-48, 456,
Togliatti, Palmiro, 183,474
501, 530-32; communists in, 448-49,
Tomsky, M., 245, 285-86
532
Toohey, Pat, 364
U nited Mine Workers of America
Torres, Angel, 611,622
(UMWA), 364
Tractorstroi, 339-40
United States, imperialism, 388,429,
Trade Union Educational League
468,495,498,515-16,526
(TUEL), 131, 143n, 199, 317, 540 United States Congress, House Un
Trade Union Unity League (TUUL), American Activities Committee, 349; founding of, 317; Negro Depart571-72
ment of, 319, 328; and unemployed United States State Department, 307
work, 325; and Scottsboro, 362-63; United States Steel Corporation, 396
699
11 nit cd States Supreme Court, 6, 599-
Wilkerson, Doxey, 551-53, 590, 594-
<,00, 602, 631
97,600,613
llniversal Negro Improvement Asso Wilkins, Roy, 460, 634-35
ciation, See Garveyism
Williams, Eugene, 358
11 rhan League, National, 350,422,426, Williams, G. Mennen (Soapy), 572
460,630,634
Williams, Harold, 153,165,260,281,
I !sera, Vincent, 486, 486n
328. 444-45
Williams, Robert, 632
Vnn Cleek, Mary, 393n
Williamson, John, 133,538, 538n,
Vurtanyan, 388
567n.53
Vcnable, James, I I In
Wilson, Woodrow, 42, 124
Victory, James, 437-38
Winston, Henry, 538n, 567n.53, 575-
Villa, Pancho, 41
77, 582-83, 605
Vyshinsky, Andrei, 606n.2
Winter, Carl, 498, 567n.53, 613
Withers, Ann, 377
Wagenknecht, Alfred, 349,354,365,
Wobblies, See Industrial Workers of
.171
the World
Wagner Aet, 44 7
Wolfe, Bertram, 252, 287-88, 293, 305,
Wallace, Henry, 558,567,570
473
Ward, Dr. Harry F., 393n
Woll, Matthew, 306
Ware, Hal, 401
Wood, Robert, 459
Warfield, Colonel, 461
Woodson, Carter, 95
Washburn, Nannie, 406
Workers (Communist) Party, See
Washington, Booker T., 27,349,422
Communist Party USA
Washington Park (Chicago), 117
Workers Party of Marxist Unification
Watt, John, 364
(POUM), 473, 473n, 478-79
Wattis, Lt. George, 475
W orks Progress Administration
Wcbb, Sydney, 329
(WPA),447
Wcber, Joe, 445
World Federation ofTrade Unions
Wcems, Charles, 358
(WFTU), 578, 580, 582
Wcinstone, William W., 187; and the
World Peace Appeal, 584
Comintern, 252, 292, 313, 331; as
W orld Peace Conference, 580
lcader of U.S. Party, 300,305,438;
World War II, and appeasement, 488;
in Foster faction (1956), 612
beginnings of, 495-96; movement
Weiss, Max, 552
against, 496-97; and invasion of
Wclsh, Edward, 291-92, 294, 304-05,
Soviet Union, 498; in Pacific, 501-
.107
02, 504; and second front, 515-16;
Wcltfish, Jane, 95
weakens imperialism, 570
Whelan, Pat, 494,501
Wortis, Rose, 353
Whip, The, 130
Wright, Ada, 385, 392n.2
White, Katy, 444
Wright, Andy, 358
White, Maude (Katz), 217,281,300,
Wright, Nathan, 638:-39
.113,351,353,406,436,583
Wright, Roy, 358-59
White, Walter, 391
White, William J., 293
Xhosa, 270, 511
Wiggins, Ella May, 318
BLACK BOLSHEVIK
Yalta, 192-93
Young Liberators, The, 450
Yaroslavsky, E., 202
Young Worker, The, 133
Yates, Oleta O'Connor, 585
Young Workers (Communist)
Yokinen, August, 352-58, 357n.4, 587-
League. See Young Communist
88
League
Yokinen trial, 353-58
Yugoslavia, 496, 553
Young, Co!. Charles, 386
Yuspeh, Leo, 623
Young, Whitney, 634, 638
Young Communist International
Zack, Joseph, 199, 302
(YCI), 134,281,388
Zam, Herbert, 133
Young Communist League (YCL),
Zaphiro, Lij Tasfaye, 459
132, 138; in South, 380,418,534; in
Zinoviev, Gregory, 134-35, 184,219,
Chicago, 445, 450; membership of,
226
463; and Spanish Civil War, 474,476 Zulu, 270
