I. (p. 570.) See R. Palme Dutt, Britain's Crisis of Empire (New York: International Publishers, 1950), p. 34.
2. (p. 571.) See Cedric Belfrage, The American Inquisition, 1945-1960
(lndianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1973) for more on the repressive Iaws and activities of this period.
3. (p. 571.) The Attorney-General's list numbered some 160 groups. The House Un-American Activities Committee list ran to 608 relief, defense, fraternal, trade union, educational, veterans', Negro, women's and youth organizations. See Foster, His tory of the Communist Party, p. 508.
4. (p. 573.) Ibid., p. 509.
5. (p. 574.) Earlier expressions of this revisionist theory had appeared in Party publications, for example, James Allen's "Peaceful Transition," in People's World, December 13, 1946. But it was during the trials that this first became the Partv's official line.
6. (p. 575.) Foster, pp. 555-56.
7. (p. 575.) William Z. Foster, "The Party Crisis and the Way Out: Part I," Political Affairs, December 1957, p. 49.
8. (p. 575.) Foster, History of the Communist Party, pp. 518-19.
9. (p. 586.) James Keller, Sweep Revisionism Out of Our Party, p. 13.
10. (p. 586.) William Z. Foster, "On the Party Situation," Political Affairs, October 1956, p. 32.
11. (p. 587.) Pettis Perry, "Destroy the Virus of White Chauvinism,"
Political Affairs, June 1949, pp. 1-13.
BLACK BOLSHEVIK
12. (p. 589.) Harry Haywood, "Phony War Against White Chauvinism-1949-51," unpublished paper.
13. (p. 589.) This was before the rise of Black Power, when "Black"
became a term ofpride rather than a racial slur. Lloyd Brown exposed the absurdity of this semantic game in "W ords and White Chauvinism,"
Masses and Mainstream, February 1950, pp. 3-11.
14. (p. 590.) Earl Conrad was the author of Harriet Tubman (New York: Paul S. Eriksson, 1943), and together with Haywood Patterson of Scottsboro Boy (New York: Collier, 1969).
15. (p. 590.) Earl Conrad, Rock Bottom (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1952).
16. (p. 593.) Political Affairs, July 1953, pp. 17-32.
17. (p. 594.) Doxey Wilkerson, "Race, Nation and the Concept
'Negro,"' Political Affairs, August 1952, p. 15.
18. (p. 595.) /bid, pp. 14-15.
19. (p. 595.) Harry Haywood, "Further on Race, Nation and the Concept 'Negro,'" Political Affairs, October 1952, p. 49.
20. (p. 597.) Doxey Wilkerson, "The 46th Annua! Convention of the NAACP,'' Political Affairs, August 1955, p. 1.
21. (p. 597.) See U.S. Bureau of the Census, The Statistical History of the United States from the Colonial Times to the Present (Stamford, Connecticut: Fairfield Pu blishers, 1965), Series G 169-70, p. 168.
Since this post-war rise, the ratio has fluctuated between 50% and 60%
as shown by the same source. Part ofthe dramatic increase during World War II reflected the migration of Blacks from rural and other Southern jobs to unionized industries in the north. It has been pointed out (Harold M. Baron, "The Demand for Black La bor: Historical Notes on the Political Economy of Racism,'' Radical America, March-April 1971, p.
29) that Blacks made gains both north and South, reflecting the wartime labor shortage. When this shortage disappeared and Black-fabor unity disintegrated, intensified oppression counteracted the effects of continued migrations and there was no further improvement in Black-white income ratios. See Harold M. Baron and Bennett Hymer, "The Negro Worker in the Chicago Job Market, "inJuliusJacobson(ed.), The Negro and the American Labor Movement (Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Co., Anchor Books, 1968), pp. 240-43.
22. (p. 599.) Benjamin J. Davis, The Negro People on the March (New York: New Century Publishers, 1956), p. 5.
23. (p. 600.) As quoted in the Daily Worker, January 11, 1955.
24. (p. 600.) Charles P. Mann, Stalin's Thought Illuminates Problems of the Negro Freedom Struggle (New York: National Education Department of the CPUSA, 1953), p. 10.
675
25. (p. 600.) Frederick G. Hastings and Charles P. Mann, "For a Mass Policy in Negro Freedom's Cause," Politica/Affairs, March 1955, pp. I 1-12.
26. (p. 601.) The 1955 Asian-African conference, held in Bandung, Indonesia, was the first such conference of third world countries to be held without participation by the imperialist powers.
27. (p. 601.) Pettis Perry, "The Third Annua} Convention of the National Negro Labor Council," Politica/ Affairs, February 1954, p. 2.
28. (p. 602.) Davis, p. 31.
29. (p. 602.) In 1962, I found out just how sincere Randolph was about building the Black caucus movement. A group of us in Local 17 of the Waiters Union in Los Angeles had brought charges of discrimination against our union secretary and built a caucus. Later we expanded the thing on a citywide basis and brought in some young Blacks from the auto and ship-building industries. After some discussion, we decided that it would strengthen our position to become affiliated with a national organization like the NALC. Randolph, however, staunchly refused our repeated requests for a charter.
30. (p. 602.) Politica/ Affairs, December 1952, p. IO.
31. (p. 603.) National Committee, CPUSA, "The American Way to Jobs, Peace, Democracy (Draft Program of the Communist Party),"
Political Affairs, April 1954, p. 15.