I. (p. 36.) "An Essay Toward a History of the Black Man in the Great War," reprinted in Julius Lester (ed.), The Seventh Son: The Thought and Writings of W. E. B. DuBois (New York: Random House, 1971), Vol. 2, pp. 130-31.
2. (p. 37 .) Branches of the Manasseh also existed in- Milwaukee and Chicago, but they had dissolved by the late twenties. See St. Clair Drake und Horace R. Cayton, Black Metropolis (New York: Harper and Row, 1962), vol. 2, pp. 145-46.
J. (p. 43.) Herbert Aptheker, "Negroes in Wartime," New Masses, April 22, 1941, p. 14.
4. (p. 43.) John Hope Franklin, From Slavery to Freedom, 4th ed. (New York: Knopf, 1974), pp. 474-75.
�- (p. 44.) Martha Gruening, "Houston, an N.A.A.C.P. Investigation,"
The Crisis, November 1917, pp. 14-15.
6. (p. 45.) This was the story as we heard it from Company G. Slightly different versions appear in the following: Jack D. Foner, Blacks and the Military in American His tory (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1974), pp.
113-16; Robert V. Haynes, "The Houston Mutiny and Riot of 1917,"
Southwestern Historical Quarterly, April 1973, pp. 418-39; and Charles 1-'lint Kellogg, NAACP(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1967), vol. I, pp. 261-62.
A campaign for the freedom of the men of the Twenty-fourth was
BLACK BOLSHEVIK
launched by the NAACP, which finally resulted in the release of the last prisoner by Roosevelt in 1938.
7. (p. 55.) This document was first published in The Crisis, May 1919, pp. 16-17, with this note:
"The following documents have come into the bands ofthe Editor. He has absolute proof of their authenticity. The first document was sent out last August at the request of the American Army by the French Committee which is the official means of communications between the American forces and the French. It represents American and not French opinion and we have been informed that when the French Military heard of the distribution of this document among the Prefects and Sous-Prefects of France, they ordered such copies to be collected and burned."
8. (p. 56.) This was how Roberts impressed many of us in the ranks at the time. Black officers, however, later told DuBois that Roberts let them run the regiment while taking credit for their exploits and conniving behind their backs to replace them with whites. See Lester, pp. 140-41.
9. (p. 66.) Charles H. Williams, Sidelights on Negro Soldiers (Boston: B.J. Bremmer and Co., 1923), pp. 74-75.
10. (p. 66.) Robert R. Moton, Finding a Way Out (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Page and Company, 1920), p. 254.
11. (p. 67.) Quoted in Monroe N. Work (ed.), Negro Year Book (Tuskegee lnstitute, Alabama: The Negro Year Book Publishing Co., 1922), p. 192.
12. (p. 80.) For a detailed description of Black stevedore units, see Lester, pp. l 17-19; and Williams, pp. 138-55.